Is Irish history a special taste? Not of general interest to PLATO
members? Our vote is “No.” It’s an object lesson in the creation of a
people’s independence. The oppression of
the Irish by Britain lasted 750 years.
Beaten down, essentially dispossessed in their own country, treated as
savages and infidels, they finally rebelled, managed to free themselves from
the English and asserted control of their own destiny in 1919. Without significant weaponry or foreign
assistance, they relied on skilled leadership and commitment.
The two principal leaders of that rebellion
were Michael Collins ("Big Fellow") and Eamon de Valera ("Long Fellow").
They came from different backgrounds, had different life experiences and very different skill sets, but
both came to believe that only violence could free Ireland from English
rule. And they prevailed where others
had failed.
Despite their alliance to gain that independence, rather than settle in to enjoy it, Collins and de Valera led their respective followers into a brutal civil war, with consequences (including the "Troubles" in Northern Ireland) which have lasted until today. When the civil war ended, Collins was dead
and de Valera was the political leader.
And he remained the principal Irish political leader into the 1950’s. And the legacy of the rebellion and civil war
led to the more recent “Troubles” in Northern Ireland.
This is a
fascinating story of how the Irish fought for independence, how the English
yoke was finally thrown off, the civil war, the creation and operation of the
Irish Free State, de Valera’s career as its political leader and the military,
social and political aspects of all of them. We will start with a summary of
what English rule meant, the failed rebellions of 1798, 1803 and 1916 and the
19th century movements to assert Irish political participation,
cultural pride and land reform. We will
then move to the events leading to the successful rebellion, civil war and the creation of a nation.
Many myths have grown up around
these events. Among our tasks are to try to separate the myths from the
realities, to take an objective view of the events themselves, to honestly
appraise both Collins and de Valera, to see how the events of almost 100 years
ago still galvanize emotions and to see how their respective attitudes and
actions still play out today. These
events raise questions about whether the rebels were justified in forsaking
peaceful methods to achieve independence in favor or violence, whether the
violence of the civil war was justified, and to what extent the egos of the
leaders influenced their actions.
1. Background, including geography, early history, tribal society, St. Patrick & the Catholic Church, Strongbow & the Norman conquest
2. British occupation, including suppression of Catholics, Penal Laws, Ulster settlement, rebellions of 1798 and 1803, Act of Union, Famine
3. Post Famine 19th and early 20th centuries, including O'Connell, Young Ireland and Sinn Fein
4. Parnell and attempts at land reform and home rule and cultural revival
Play: "Cathleen ni Houlihan" by Yeats
Novel: "Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" by James Joyce (short exerpt)
5.
Biography of Michael Collins through 1915
6. Biography of Eamon de Valera through 1915
7. 1916 Rising, roles of Collins & de Valera, rise of Sinn Fein
Play: "The Plough and the Stars" by Sean O'Casey
Film: "Ryan's Daughter"
Yeats poems: Easter 1916; Sixteen Dead Men; The Rose Tree
8. British reactions to 1916 Rising, Preparation for Rebellion
9. 1919 Rebellion: Leaders, Orders, Personnel, Outcome
Play: "The Shadow of a Gunman" by Sean O'Casey
Story: "Guests of the Nation" by Frank O'Connor
10. Peace negotiations and Treaty
11. Civil War: Reasons, Fighting, Personnel, Outcome
Play: "Juno and the Paycock" by Sean O'Casey
Film: "The Wind that Shakes the Barley"
12. Assassination of Collins: How & Why and Effects
Film: "Michael Collins"
13. Creation of the Irish Free State, including roles of politicians, Church, parties
14. Creation of Republic of Ireland, 1937 Constitution, continuing divisions, retrospective look at Collins & de
Valera and their respective legacies
The core book will be “Big Fellow, Long Fellow,” a dual biography of the lives and times of Collins and de Valera by T. Ryle Dwyer. (Collins has long been referred to as the “the big fellow” and de Valera as “the long fellow.”) There are several individual biographies and many books and other writings about the events and the periods. In addition, there is available to SDG members a good library of books on Irish history and issues. For example, we have a book with transcripts of 250 radio shows on Irish history, some of which can be easily copied and distributed for individual topics.
In addition, there are movies to watch and plays, stories and poems to read which illuminate the subjects and offer more personal views of the society in which these events took place and the individuals who were affected by them. Those who have seen the move “Michael Collins” have some sense of the character and importance of both Collins and de Valera. Those who have seen “The Wind That Shakes the Barley” have some sense of the intensity of the civil war. The plays and stories and poems are indicated above. The plays of Sean O'Casey are classics showing the effects of the 1916 Rising, 1919 rebellion and civil war on ordinary Dubliners.
Finally, there are podcast platforms which have many podcasts on our subjects. These platforms include: The Irish History Show, The History Ireland Show, The Irish History Podcast and Glucksman House Ireland.